Hur många bröder har alfred nobel

He is known for having bequeathed his fortune to establish the Nobel Prize , though he also made several important contributions to science, holding patents in his lifetime. Nobel's most famous invention was dynamite , a safer and easier means of harnessing the explosive power of nitroglycerin ; it was patented in Nobel displayed an early aptitude for science and learning, particularly in chemistry and languages; he became fluent in six languages and filed his first patent at the age of He embarked on many business ventures with his family , most notably owning the company Bofors , which was an iron and steel producer that he had developed into a major manufacturer of cannons and other armaments. Nobel was later inspired to donate his fortune to the Nobel Prize institution, which would annually recognize those who "conferred the greatest benefit to humankind". Nobel was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , which, pursuant to his will, would be responsible for choosing the Nobel laureates in physics and in chemistry.

He was the third son of Immanuel Nobel — , an inventor and engineer, and Karolina Andriette Nobel née Ahlsell — The family was impoverished and only Alfred and his three brothers survived beyond childhood. Alfred Nobel's interest in technology was inherited from his father, an alumnus of Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. Following various business failures, Nobel's father moved to Saint Petersburg , Russia , and grew successful there as a manufacturer of machine tools and explosives. He invented the veneer lathe which made possible the production of modern plywood [9] and started work on the torpedo. Now prosperous, his parents were able to send Nobel to private tutors and the boy excelled in his studies, particularly in chemistry and languages, achieving fluency in English, French , German and Russian. He also developed sufficient literary skill to write poetry in English. His Nemesis is a prose tragedy in four acts about the Italian noblewoman Beatrice Cenci.

It was printed while he was dying, but the entire stock was destroyed immediately after his death except for three copies, being regarded as scandalous and blasphemous. It was published in Sweden in and has been translated into Slovenian , French , Italian , and Spanish. Nobel traveled for much of his business life, maintaining companies in Europe and America while keeping a home in Paris from to In , Austro-Bohemian Countess Bertha Kinsky became his secretary, but she left him after a brief stay to marry her previous lover Baron Arthur Gundaccar von Suttner. Her contact with Nobel was brief, yet she corresponded with him until his death in , and probably influenced his decision to include a peace prize in his will. In the years of to , Alfred Nobel had his home in Krümmel , Hamburg , he afterward moved to a house in the Avenue Malakoff in Paris that same year. In , when he acquired Bofors-Gullspång, the Björkborn Manor was included, [24] he stayed at his manor house in Sweden during the summers.

As a young man, Nobel studied with chemist Nikolai Zinin ; then, in , went to Paris to further the work. There he met Ascanio Sobrero , who had invented nitroglycerin three years before. Sobrero strongly opposed the use of nitroglycerin because it was unpredictable, exploding when subjected to variable heat or pressure. But Nobel became interested in finding a way to control and use nitroglycerin as a commercially usable explosive; it had much more power than gunpowder. Nobel filed his first patent, an English patent for a gas meter , in , while his first Swedish patent, which he received in , was on "ways to prepare gunpowder". The family factory produced armaments for the Crimean War — , but had difficulty switching back to regular domestic production when the fighting ended and they filed for bankruptcy. Nobel and his parents returned to Sweden from Russia and Nobel devoted himself to the study of explosives , and especially to the safe manufacture and use of nitroglycerin.

Nobel invented a detonator in , and in designed the blasting cap. On 3 September , a shed used for preparation of nitroglycerin exploded at the factory in Heleneborg , Stockholm, Sweden, killing five people, including Nobel's younger brother Emil. Dynamite was patented in the US and the UK and was used extensively in mining and the building of transport networks internationally. Nobel was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in , the same institution that would later select laureates for two of the Nobel prizes, and he received an honorary doctorate from Uppsala University in Nobel's brothers Ludvig and Robert founded the oil company Branobel and became hugely rich in their own right.

Har Alfred Nobel några barn?

Nobel invested in these and amassed great wealth through the development of these new oil regions. It operated mainly in Baku , Azerbaijan , but also in Cheleken , Turkmenistan. During his life, Nobel was issued patents internationally, and by his death, his business had established more than 90 armaments factories, despite his apparently pacifist character. Nobel found that when nitroglycerin was incorporated in an absorbent inert substance like kieselguhr diatomaceous earth it became safer and more convenient to handle, and this mixture he patented in as "dynamite". In order to help reestablish his name and improve the image of his business from the earlier controversies associated with dangerous explosives, Nobel had also considered naming the highly powerful substance "Nobel's Safety Powder", but settled with Dynamite instead, referring to the Greek word for "power" δύναμις. Nobel later combined nitroglycerin with various nitrocellulose compounds, similar to collodion , but settled on a more efficient recipe combining another nitrate explosive, and obtained a transparent, jelly-like substance, which was a more powerful explosive than dynamite.

Gelignite , or blasting gelatin, as it was named, was patented in ; and was followed by a host of similar combinations, modified by the addition of potassium nitrate and various other substances. It was adopted as the standard technology for mining in the "Age of Engineering", bringing Nobel a great amount of financial success, though at a cost to his health. An offshoot of this research resulted in Nobel's invention of ballistite , the precursor of many modern smokeless powder explosives and still used as a rocket propellant. There is a well known story about the origin of the Nobel Prize. In , the death of his brother Ludvig supposedly caused several newspapers to publish obituaries of Alfred in error. One French newspaper condemned him for his invention of military explosives—in many versions of the story, dynamite is quoted, although this was mainly used for civilian applications —and this is said to have brought about his decision to leave a better legacy after his death.

Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday. His decision to posthumously donate the majority of his wealth to found the Nobel Prize has been credited to him wanting to leave behind a better legacy. On 27 November , at the Swedish - Norwegian Club in Paris, Nobel signed his last will and testament and set aside the bulk of his estate to establish the Nobel Prizes , to be awarded annually without distinction of nationality. This converted to £1,, GBP at the time. The first three of these prizes are awarded for eminence in physical science , in chemistry and in medical science or physiology ; the fourth is for literary work "in an ideal direction" and the fifth prize is to be given to the person or society that renders the greatest service to the cause of international fraternity , in the suppression or reduction of standing armies, or in the establishment or furtherance of peace congresses.

The formulation for the literary prize being given for a work "in an ideal direction" i idealisk riktning in Swedish , is cryptic and has caused much confusion. For many years, the Swedish Academy interpreted "ideal" as "idealistic" idealistisk and used it as a reason not to give the prize to important but less romantic authors, such as Henrik Ibsen and Leo Tolstoy. This interpretation has since been revised, and the prize has been awarded to, for example, Dario Fo and José Saramago , who do not belong to the camp of literary idealism.

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There was room for interpretation by the bodies he had named for deciding on the physical sciences and chemistry prizes, given that he had not consulted them before making the will. In his one-page testament, he stipulated that the money go to discoveries or inventions in the physical sciences and to discoveries or improvements in chemistry. He had opened the door to technological awards, but had not left instructions on how to deal with the distinction between science and technology. Since the deciding bodies he had chosen were more concerned with the former, the prizes went to scientists more often than engineers, technicians or other inventors. Sweden's central bank Sveriges Riksbank celebrated its th anniversary in by donating a large sum of money to the Nobel Foundation to be used to set up a sixth prize in the field of economics in honor of Alfred Nobel. In , Alfred Nobel's great-great-nephew, Peter Nobel born , asked the Bank of Sweden to differentiate its award to economists given "in Alfred Nobel's memory" from the five other awards.

Alfred Nobel - Wikipedia

Nobel was accused of high treason against France for selling Ballistite to Italy, so he moved from Paris to Sanremo , Italy, in Nobel was surrounded by his paid servants at the time of his death who didn't speak his native tongue so he wrote, "how sad it is to be without a friend who could whisper a consoling word and would one day gently close one's eyes. It was dedicated in to mark the 90th anniversary of the first Nobel Prize presentation. Diplomat Thomas Bertelman and Professor Arkady Melua were initiators of the creation of the monument Professor A. Melua has provided funds for the establishment of the monument J. The abstract metal sculpture was designed by local artists Sergey Alipov and Pavel Shevchenko, and appears to be an explosion or branches of a tree. Criticism of Nobel focuses on his leading role in weapons manufacturing and sales, and some question his motives in creating his prizes, suggesting they are intended to improve his reputation.

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Alfred Nobel – Wikipedia

Swedish chemist, philanthropist, and armaments manufacturer — For the Irish racehorse, see Alfred Nobel horse. Not to be confused with Alfred Noble. Stockholm , Sweden. Han var en frikostig herre som bland annat gav 65 kronor till Salomon August Andrées nordpolsfärd. Vetenskapsakademien Femtioett år gammal blev Nobel ledamot av Vetenskapsakademien i Stockholm och vid julfesten i Uppsala utnämndes han till fil. Utanför Paris hade han ett stort tekniskt-vetenskapligt laboratorium som han flyttade till San Remo i Italien i början på talet. Nobel 63 gick bort ogift den 10 december i sin villa i San Remo men begravdes på Norra begravningsplatsen i Stockholm. Nobelpriset I Nobels testamente stod det att hela han förmögenhet på över 30 miljoner kronor vilket var en ansenlig summa skulle gå till en fond och där räntan årligen skulle delas ut åt dem som inom fysik, kemi och medicin gjort de viktigaste upptäckterna eller uppfinningarna, skrivit det bästa inom litteraturen samt till den som gjort mest för fred i världen.

Detta blev till Nobelpriset som delas ut varje år den 10 december. Priset delades ut första gången på Alfred Nobels dödsdag den 10 december. Inlagd Uppdaterad